[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1048},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Finstallation-certificat-ssl-gandi-avec-pound":3,"blog-\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Finstallation-certificat-ssl-gandi-avec-pound-surround":988,"blog-\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Finstallation-certificat-ssl-gandi-avec-pound-certifications":1047},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"categories":976,"cover":977,"cover_contain":978,"credly_badge_id":976,"date":979,"description":980,"extension":981,"meta":982,"navigation":978,"path":983,"related_certifications":976,"seo":984,"slug":985,"stem":986,"__hash__":987},"blog\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Finstallation-certificat-ssl-gandi-avec-pound.md","Installing a Gandi SSL Certificate with Pound",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":965},"minimark",[9,14,18,22,29,76,107,110,132,136,170,210,231,238,313,322,326,342,364,407,414,590,602,605,617,654,666,671,700,733,737,740,752,758,762,802,811,837,867,923,951,954,958,961],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"real-world-use-case","Real-world use case",[15,16,17],"p",{},"You need to encrypt traffic behind your Pound reverse proxy: here's how to install a Gandi SSL certificate.",[10,19,21],{"id":20},"the-ssl-certificate","The SSL certificate",[15,23,24],{},[25,26],"img",{"alt":27,"src":28},"","\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Finstallation-certificat-ssl-gandi-avec-pound\u002Ff5fbe9deed.png",[15,30,31,35,36,39,40,43,44,47,48,51,52,55,56,59,60,47,63,65,66,69,70,72,73,47],{},[32,33,34],"strong",{},"Secure Sockets Layer",", abbreviated ",[32,37,38],{},"SSL",", is used to ",[32,41,42],{},"secure information traffic"," on the ",[32,45,46],{},"internet",".",[49,50],"br",{},"\nThe ",[32,53,54],{},"standard"," is ",[32,57,58],{},"standardized"," and works based on the principle of ",[32,61,62],{},"public-key cryptography",[49,64],{},"\nWe'll be working with the ",[32,67,68],{},"free version"," of ",[32,71,38],{},", called ",[32,74,75],{},"OpenSSL",[15,77,78,79,82,83,86,87,89,90,93,94,97,98,47,101,103,104,47],{},"The ",[32,80,81],{},"SSL certificate"," establishes ",[32,84,85],{},"trust"," between you (your website) and your visitors.",[49,88],{},"\nYou can spot it via the active ",[32,91,92],{},"padlock icon"," and the ",[32,95,96],{},"https protocol"," in the ",[32,99,100],{},"browser",[49,102],{},"\nThere are several types of SSL certificates, representing different ",[32,105,106],{},"levels of trust",[15,108,109],{},"For reference, each browser uses a different icon and colors, see the FAQ:",[111,112,113,124],"ul",{},[114,115,116,123],"li",{},[117,118,122],"a",{"href":119,"rel":120},"https:\u002F\u002Fsupport.mozilla.org\u002Ffr\u002Fkb\u002Fcomment-savoir-si-ma-connexion-est-securisee#w_cadenas-gris",[121],"nofollow","Firefox's FAQ",": how can I tell if my connection to a website is secure?",[114,125,126,131],{},[117,127,130],{"href":128,"rel":129},"https:\u002F\u002Fsupport.google.com\u002Fchrome\u002Fanswer\u002F95617?hl=fr",[121],"Chrome's FAQ",": check the security of a site's connection.",[10,133,135],{"id":134},"an-example-my-website","An example: my website",[15,137,138,143,144,147,148,151,152,155,156,47,159,161,162,165,166,169],{},[117,139,142],{"href":140,"rel":141},"https:\u002F\u002F\u002F\u002Fwww.kassianoff.fr\u002F",[121],"My website",", for example, uses a ",[32,145,146],{},"verified certificate",", ",[32,149,150],{},"signed"," by the ",[32,153,154],{},"authority",": ",[32,157,158],{},"gandi.net",[49,160],{},"\nA ",[32,163,164],{},"gray padlock"," therefore appears at the top left of my website's ",[32,167,168],{},"URL",", which proves that:",[111,171,172,190,200],{},[114,173,78,174,177,178,181,182,185,186,189],{},[32,175,176],{},"domain"," has been ",[32,179,180],{},"verified",", and it proves that I ",[32,183,184],{},"own"," the ",[32,187,188],{},"domain name"," and that it hasn't been forged.",[114,191,192,193,55,196,199],{},"It also assures you that the ",[32,194,195],{},"connection",[32,197,198],{},"encrypted",", meaning no malicious person can spy on it and steal your login information.",[114,201,202,203,206,207],{},"The gray padlock tells us: ",[32,204,205],{},"currently connected"," to the ",[32,208,209],{},"site: kassianoff.fr",[15,211,212,213,215,216,219,220,47,225,227],{},"If you'd like a valid ",[32,214,81],{}," from ",[32,217,218],{},"Gandi",", head here: ",[117,221,224],{"href":222,"rel":223},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gandi.net\u002Fssl",[121],"Gandi SSL",[49,226],{},[228,229,230],"em",{},"I've been using a standard SSL certificate for €14.40 a year on kassianoff.fr since August 12, 2014.",[232,233,235],"h3",{"id":234},"why-does-my-blog-use-an-ssl-certificate",[32,236,237],{},"Why does my blog use an SSL certificate?",[15,239,240,241,243,244,246,247,250,251,254,255,185,258,260,261,47,264,266,267,270,271,273,274,277,278,281,282,285,286,289,290,293,294,296,297,300,301,304,305,308,309,312],{},"Today, several factors motivated me to buy an annual certificate from Gandi.",[49,242],{},"\nOf course, there are the reasons mentioned above, as well as my desire to keep blogging on the site.",[49,245],{},"\nThe site is largely visited by ",[32,248,249],{},"internet users passionate"," about the ",[32,252,253],{},"Tech"," world, people who ",[32,256,257],{},"understand",[32,259,46],{}," and today's ",[32,262,263],{},"encryption needs",[49,265],{},"\nAs part of my ",[32,268,269],{},"ongoing work",", it would be unthinkable not to thank you for your visits (growing every month!), and buying an SSL certificate is my way of saying: thank you! ",[32,272,218],{}," is a ",[32,275,276],{},"mark of trust"," I selected for us because they're at the ",[32,279,280],{},"heart of the French web"," and ",[32,283,284],{},"stand out for the quality"," of their ",[32,287,288],{},"services"," related to the ",[32,291,292],{},"global internet",", as well as for their various missions.",[49,295],{},"\nSecond, I want to ",[32,298,299],{},"optimize"," my ",[32,302,303],{},"ranking"," on ",[32,306,307],{},"Google's"," search engine, which will penalize ",[32,310,311],{},"poorly secured sites",". Now you know everything!",[15,314,315,316,304,319,47],{},"It's now time to move on to ",[32,317,318],{},"installing a Gandi SSL certificate",[32,320,321],{},"Pound 2.6",[10,323,325],{"id":324},"purchasing-a-gandi-ssl-certificate","Purchasing a Gandi SSL certificate",[15,327,328,329,332,333,335,336,341],{},"The steps below explain how to get a ",[32,330,331],{},"Gandi SSL certificate"," for \"a single address.\"",[49,334],{},"\nGandi offers an extremely well-designed wiki at this address: ",[117,337,340],{"href":338,"rel":339},"http:\u002F\u002Fwiki.gandi.net\u002Ffr\u002Fhosting\u002Fusing-linux\u002Ftutorials\u002Fubuntu\u002Fssl",[121],"Gandi Wiki SSL"," (use it).",[15,343,344,345,348,349,356,357,363],{},"The important step is to properly ",[32,346,347],{},"generate the"," ",[117,350,353],{"href":351,"rel":352},"http:\u002F\u002Fwiki.gandi.net\u002Ffr\u002Fssl\u002Fcsr",[121],[32,354,355],{},"RSA private key"," (.key) and the ",[117,358,360],{"href":351,"rel":359},[121],[32,361,362],{},"certificate request"," (.csr):",[365,366,370],"pre",{"className":367,"code":368,"language":369,"meta":27,"style":27},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","openssl req -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout www.kassianoff.key -out www.kassianoff.csr\n","bash",[371,372,373],"code",{"__ignoreMap":27},[374,375,378,382,386,389,392,395,398,401,404],"span",{"class":376,"line":377},"line",1,[374,379,381],{"class":380},"sBMFI","openssl",[374,383,385],{"class":384},"sfazB"," req",[374,387,388],{"class":384}," -nodes",[374,390,391],{"class":384}," -newkey",[374,393,394],{"class":384}," rsa:2048",[374,396,397],{"class":384}," -keyout",[374,399,400],{"class":384}," www.kassianoff.key",[374,402,403],{"class":384}," -out",[374,405,406],{"class":384}," www.kassianoff.csr\n",[15,408,409,410,413],{},"Some questions appear for ",[32,411,412],{},"generating"," our \".csr\", such as:",[365,415,417],{"className":367,"code":416,"language":369,"meta":27,"style":27},"Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:FR\nState or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Rhone-Alpes\nLocality Name (eg, city) []: VALENCE\nOrganization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:kassianoff\nOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT\nCommon Name (eg, YOUR name) []: kassianoff.fr\nEmail Address [] postmaster@kassianoff.fr\n",[371,418,419,453,485,507,532,555,578],{"__ignoreMap":27},[374,420,421,424,427,431,434,437,440,444,447,450],{"class":376,"line":377},[374,422,423],{"class":380},"Country",[374,425,426],{"class":384}," Name",[374,428,430],{"class":429},"sTEyZ"," (2 ",[374,432,433],{"class":384},"letter",[374,435,436],{"class":384}," code",[374,438,439],{"class":429},") ",[374,441,443],{"class":442},"sMK4o","[",[374,445,446],{"class":429},"AU",[374,448,449],{"class":442},"]",[374,451,452],{"class":429},":FR\n",[374,454,456,459,462,465,467,470,473,475,477,480,482],{"class":376,"line":455},2,[374,457,458],{"class":380},"State",[374,460,461],{"class":384}," or",[374,463,464],{"class":384}," Province",[374,466,426],{"class":384},[374,468,469],{"class":429}," (full ",[374,471,472],{"class":384},"name",[374,474,439],{"class":429},[374,476,443],{"class":442},[374,478,479],{"class":429},"Some-State",[374,481,449],{"class":442},[374,483,484],{"class":429},":Rhone-Alpes\n",[374,486,488,491,493,496,499,501,504],{"class":376,"line":487},3,[374,489,490],{"class":380},"Locality",[374,492,426],{"class":384},[374,494,495],{"class":429}," (eg, ",[374,497,498],{"class":384},"city",[374,500,439],{"class":429},[374,502,503],{"class":442},"[]",[374,505,506],{"class":429},": VALENCE\n",[374,508,510,513,515,517,520,522,524,527,529],{"class":376,"line":509},4,[374,511,512],{"class":380},"Organization",[374,514,426],{"class":384},[374,516,495],{"class":429},[374,518,519],{"class":384},"company",[374,521,439],{"class":429},[374,523,443],{"class":442},[374,525,526],{"class":429},"Internet Widgits Pty Ltd",[374,528,449],{"class":442},[374,530,531],{"class":429},":kassianoff\n",[374,533,535,538,541,543,545,548,550,552],{"class":376,"line":534},5,[374,536,537],{"class":380},"Organizational",[374,539,540],{"class":384}," Unit",[374,542,426],{"class":384},[374,544,495],{"class":429},[374,546,547],{"class":384},"section",[374,549,439],{"class":429},[374,551,503],{"class":442},[374,553,554],{"class":429},":IT\n",[374,556,558,561,563,565,568,571,573,575],{"class":376,"line":557},6,[374,559,560],{"class":380},"Common",[374,562,426],{"class":384},[374,564,495],{"class":429},[374,566,567],{"class":384},"YOUR",[374,569,570],{"class":384}," name",[374,572,439],{"class":429},[374,574,503],{"class":442},[374,576,577],{"class":429},": kassianoff.fr\n",[374,579,581,584,587],{"class":376,"line":580},7,[374,582,583],{"class":380},"Email",[374,585,586],{"class":384}," Address",[374,588,589],{"class":429}," [] postmaster@kassianoff.fr\n",[15,591,592,593,596,597,599],{},"Important: the ",[32,594,595],{},"Common Name"," corresponds to my domain or subdomain to protect.",[49,598],{},[228,600,601],{},"You'll notice that \"www\" is always protected with Gandi, and the certificate is free the first year!",[15,603,604],{},"Now let's display the \".csr\" in order to copy\u002Fpaste it into Gandi when creating the certificate:",[365,606,608],{"className":367,"code":607,"language":369,"meta":27,"style":27},"cat www.kassianoff.csr\n",[371,609,610],{"__ignoreMap":27},[374,611,612,615],{"class":376,"line":377},[374,613,614],{"class":380},"cat",[374,616,406],{"class":384},[365,618,620],{"className":367,"code":619,"language":369,"meta":27,"style":27},"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----\n...encrypted text...\n-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----\n",[371,621,622,633,645],{"__ignoreMap":27},[374,623,624,627,630],{"class":376,"line":377},[374,625,626],{"class":380},"-----BEGIN",[374,628,629],{"class":384}," CERTIFICATE",[374,631,632],{"class":384}," REQUEST-----\n",[374,634,635,639,642],{"class":376,"line":455},[374,636,638],{"class":637},"s2Zo4","..",[374,640,641],{"class":384},".encrypted",[374,643,644],{"class":384}," text...\n",[374,646,647,650,652],{"class":376,"line":487},[374,648,649],{"class":380},"-----END",[374,651,629],{"class":384},[374,653,632],{"class":384},[15,655,656,657,281,660,663,664,47],{},"Now go to the ",[32,658,659],{},"Gandi interface",[32,661,662],{},"order"," your \"single address\" ",[32,665,81],{},[15,667,668],{},[25,669],{"alt":27,"src":670},"\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Finstallation-certificat-ssl-gandi-avec-pound\u002F1b796849ed.jpg",[15,672,673,674,676,677,680,681,684,685,687,688,692,693,695,696,699],{},"Simply click Confirm, then follow the next steps, which are very simple.",[49,675],{},"\nSeveral ",[32,678,679],{},"verification methods"," are available; I used the ",[32,682,683],{},"email"," method.",[49,686],{},"\nYou need an active email address at \"",[117,689,691],{"href":690},"mailto:admin@your_domain.tld","admin@your_domain.tld","\" to verify.",[49,694],{},"\nThen, the email contains a link that redirects to ",[32,697,698],{},"Comodo",", with a character key to provide.",[15,701,702,703,706,707,710,711,713,714,717,718,724,725,732],{},"Then you need to wait ~1 hour for the ",[32,704,705],{},"creation"," of our ",[32,708,709],{},"certificate",", so it can be used and retrieved.",[49,712],{},"\nGo to the ",[32,715,716],{},"Gandi client interface"," under ",[117,719,722],{"href":720,"rel":721},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gandi.net\u002Fadmin\u002Fssl\u002Fmanage",[121],[32,723,38],{}," > ",[32,726,727],{},[117,728,731],{"href":729,"rel":730},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.kassianoff.fr",[121],"www.kassianoff.fr",", then retrieve it as described.",[10,734,736],{"id":735},"viewing-the-certificate","Viewing the certificate",[15,738,739],{},"Here's the currently active certificate:",[111,741,742,747],{},[114,743,744],{},[32,745,746],{},"Download the certificate",[114,748,749],{},[32,750,751],{},"Download the intermediate",[15,753,754,755,47],{},"I encourage you to grab both files and transfer them to your ",[32,756,757],{},"Linux server",[10,759,761],{"id":760},"configuring-the-gandi-certificate-on-pound-26","Configuring the Gandi certificate on Pound 2.6",[15,763,764,765,304,767,770,771,773,774,69,777,780,781,784,785,47,788,790,348,793,800],{},"Configuring a ",[32,766,709],{},[32,768,769],{},"Pound"," seems interesting to me because everything's stored in a single \".pem\".",[49,772],{},"\nOn top of that, the ",[32,775,776],{},"flexibility",[32,778,779],{},"managing certificates"," with a ",[32,782,783],{},"reverse proxy"," is really ",[32,786,787],{},"nice",[49,789],{},[228,791,792],{},"I covered Pound in the following article:",[117,794,797],{"href":795,"rel":796},"https:\u002F\u002F\u002F\u002Fwww.kassianoff.fr\u002Fblog\u002Ffr\u002Finstallation-des-proxy-inverses-pound-et-varnish",[121],[228,798,799],{},"Installing the Pound and Varnish reverse proxies",[228,801,47],{},[15,803,804,805,185,808,810],{},"So on our server, there are three important files for ",[32,806,807],{},"creating",[32,809,709],{},":",[111,812,813,824,829],{},[114,814,815,820,821,47],{},[117,816,819],{"href":817,"rel":818},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.kassianoff.key",[121],"www.kassianoff.key",": the ",[32,822,823],{},"private key",[114,825,826,828],{},[32,827,709],{},"-62460.crt: the certificate provided by Gandi.",[114,830,831,834,835,47],{},[32,832,833],{},"GandiStandardSSLCA",".pem: the intermediate certificate provided by ",[32,836,218],{},[15,838,839,841,842,845,846,849,850,853,854,856,857,860,861,866],{},[32,840,769],{}," doesn't directly handle \"",[32,843,844],{},".key","\", \"",[32,847,848],{},".crt","\", and \"",[32,851,852],{},".pem","\" formats separately.",[49,855],{},"\nEverything needs to be combined into a single \".",[32,858,859],{},"pem","\" file, which we'll call: \"**",[117,862,865],{"href":863,"rel":864},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.kassianoff**.pem",[121],"www.kassianoff**.pem","\"",[868,869,870,878,885,888,898,907],"ol",{},[114,871,872,873],{},"nano \u002Fetc\u002Fpound\u002Fssl\u002Fwww\u002F",[117,874,877],{"href":875,"rel":876},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.kassianoff.Pem",[121],"www.kassianoff.Pem",[114,879,880,881,884],{},"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY---- ...encrypted text: ",[117,882,819],{"href":817,"rel":883},[121],"... -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ...encrypted text: certificate-62460.crt... -----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ...encrypted text: GandiStandardSSLCA.pem... -----END CERTIFICATE-----",[114,886,887],{},"We save the Gandi certificate.",[114,889,890,891,893,894,897],{},"We configure ",[32,892,769],{}," from the path: \"nano ",[228,895,896],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fpound\u002Fpound.cfg","\".",[114,899,900,901,906],{},"ListenHTTPS Address 192.168.0.2 Port 443 Cert \"\u002Fetc\u002Fpound\u002Fssl\u002Fwww\u002F",[117,902,905],{"href":903,"rel":904},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.kassianoff.pem",[121],"www.kassianoff.pem","\" AddHeader \"X-Forwarded-Proto: https\" ## allow PUT and DELETE also (by default only GET, POST and HEAD)?: xHTTP 2 Service BackEnd Address 127.0.0.1 Port 80 End End End",[114,908,909,910],{},"Restart Pound:",[365,911,913],{"className":367,"code":912,"language":369,"meta":27,"style":27},"\u002Fetc\u002Finit.d\u002Fpound restart\n",[371,914,915],{"__ignoreMap":27},[374,916,917,920],{"class":376,"line":377},[374,918,919],{"class":380},"\u002Fetc\u002Finit.d\u002Fpound",[374,921,922],{"class":384}," restart\n",[15,924,78,925,927,928,304,931,933,934,55,937,940,941,944,945,947,948,47],{},[32,926,81],{}," is now ",[32,929,930],{},"properly configured",[32,932,769],{},", and your ",[32,935,936],{},"site",[32,938,939],{},"accessible"," over ",[32,942,943],{},"https","!",[49,946],{},"\nYou now know how to ",[32,949,950],{},"configure and install your Gandi SSL certificate on Pound",[15,952,953],{},"For any other remarks about migrating my site to https, leave a comment!",[10,955,957],{"id":956},"conclusion","Conclusion",[15,959,960],{},"I've detailed here the whole process of getting and installing a Gandi SSL certificate, from generating the private key and certificate request to configuring it on a Pound 2.6 reverse proxy. This type of certificate guarantees my visitors domain verification and traffic encryption, while also improving the site's search ranking. Pound's flexibility, which consolidates the key, certificate, and intermediate into a single .pem file, greatly simplifies HTTPS management.",[962,963,964],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}",{"title":27,"searchDepth":455,"depth":455,"links":966},[967,968,969,972,973,974,975],{"id":12,"depth":455,"text":13},{"id":20,"depth":455,"text":21},{"id":134,"depth":455,"text":135,"children":970},[971],{"id":234,"depth":487,"text":237},{"id":324,"depth":455,"text":325},{"id":735,"depth":455,"text":736},{"id":760,"depth":455,"text":761},{"id":956,"depth":455,"text":957},null,"\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Finstallation-certificat-ssl-gandi-avec-pound\u002Fec4618d7ad.jpg",true,"2014-08-12","Get to grips with installing an SSL certificate. 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